نشریه مطالعات دفاع مقدس
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، بهار 1401)

This article seeks to analyze the characteristics of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the holy defense. The main purpose of this article is to identify the characteristics of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the holy defense. The question is what are the characteristics of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the holy defense? In the form of research hypothesis, it seems that the characteristics of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the holy defense period were: revolutionary ideology, radical non-commitment, inspiration, export of the revolution, etc.The research is of applied type and has been done by descriptive and historical methods. Research data were collected by library method and document tools and analyzed by content analysis method. The results show that the characteristics of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the Holy Defense era were: revolutionary ideology, radical non-alignment, inspiration, export of revolution, balancing, regional defender, identity of resistance, modeling revolutionary action, geopolitical action and leader regional.

The purpose of this study is to identify the ontological and epistemological foundations of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the holy defense. The main question of the article is "What are the nuclear and epistemological signs of Iran's foreign policy during the holy defense?" The research hypothesis points to the fact that "the ontological forms of the foreign policy of sacred defense are based on the teachings of Islamism and on the signs of jihad and resistance, religious leadership and promise." "While the epistemological forms of foreign policy have been a function of the necessities of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in the field of revolutionary diplomacy, securing legitimacy and tactical expediency."The research is of applied type and has been done using descriptive and historical methods. The method of data collection is field and the tool of documents has been used to collect data and the collected data has been analyzed by content analysis method. The results of the research show that the hypothesis has been confirmed.

The present study aims to explain the role of sports and sports institutions in the structure of the war (especially during the years of Iraq-Iran war),, and a combined approach has been used to achieve the main and secondary goals. . The reliability of the questionnaire is with Cronbach's alpha (0.892). After calculating the results of the questionnaire with Spss, in the next stage, interviews were conducted with 13 academic, military and sports experts. Maxqda software was used to analyze the content of the interviews and extract the categories and concepts and present the report. Finally, the results of the research are; 1- Despite the fact that sport affects the structure of war, but the influence of sports institutions in the structure of war is small. 2- Although sport was effective in the Iraq-Iran war, sports institutions could not become a factor in reducing tensions and conflicts in this war. Also, sport is not a factor in the escalation of the war and the escalation of the military conflict between Iraq and Iran. Of course, the presence of Iranian athletes on the front could increase the motivation of the Iranian people to participate in the war and provide social support for the continuation of the war process. Also in the main question (role of sports and sports institutions in the war) 6 main themes and 22 codes, in the sub-question the role of sports and sports institutions in the Iran-Iraq war, 4 main themes and 16 codes were identified.

Any regional conflict has an impact on the international political economy. Some international political economy theorists, such as Susan Strange, point out that many regional wars will be an organized attempt to regain control of economic resources. According to such an attitude, any attempt to control economic and strategic resources creates the necessary ground for the emergence of wars in new regions. Just as wars are intertwined with the international political economy, they are also intertwined with the political economies of the countries in the region and the actors involved. Iran's social and political life during the imposed war was influenced by the political economy of defense. The article uses a content analysis methodology and uses Robert Gilpin and Susan Strange's approach to international political economy indicators and regional conflicts. The main question of the article is what effect the imposed war has on Has the political economy of Iran left? »The article's hypothesis points to the fact that" the political economy of the Holy Defense led to negative economic growth and increased the coefficient of resistance and strategic capabilities in Iran. " And what can be referred to as a research finding is that; The imposed war paved the way for the activation of Iran's social, economic and strategic infrastructure, and although Iran's effectiveness diminished during the war, it did in the post-war period lead to the rise of political and social institutions and an increase in the coefficient. Economic growth and per capita income of the country.

The Mutual interaction of society, culture and holly defenseThe social culture of Iranian society based on the “approach to countering threats” and “xenophobia” is an inevitable part of the Iran Iraq war. It related how to deal with the threats of the surrounding actors has always been part of the fundamental signs of Iran's political and social culture. The culture of dealing whit threats during the imposed war reflected its application in the process of mobilizing social groups. Iran was able to improve its position in the process of imposed war through structural integration and social mobilization. The main question of the article is “social and culture play what role of shaping the general behavior of Iranian society during the time of the Holy Defense?” The article hypothesizes is “Iran's social culture is based on signs of xenophobia and confrontation with threats, which has led to the mobilization of social groups to deal with threats during the time of the holy defense.” The dependent variable of the research includes the subject of “holy defense”. Components related to the culture of resistance, social mobilization and xenophobia will be indicators of independent variables. In this article, content analysis method has been used which has emphasized on value indicators, attitudes, social culture and behavioral patterns of Iranian society during the imposed war. Peter Katzenstein’s approach to “socio-cultural action” in the process of strategic crises is used to explain the research.Keywords: Holy Defense, Social mobilization, Culture of resistance, Alienation, Interaction against threats.

One of the issues that the religion of Islam attaches great importance to is serving the people. Serving the people in Islamic teachings after performing their duties is the best means of approaching God Almighty and the most obvious social aspect of worship.If the motivation to serve the people is at the forefront of all motivations; Like faith in God, it causes man to ascend to spiritual positions and to please God Almighty. Accordingly, in this study, the motivation of public service in the intellectual system of the Supreme Leader, which is the best Source to achieve the components and indicators of the motivation to serve the people; will be examined. The statistical population of the research is the letters and statements of the Supreme Leader from the beginning of her tenure until1398.The research data were designed and explained using the thematic analysis method and finally based on the network of themes, a process model of public service motivation. Based on the results of public service motivation, it is formed of4comprehensive themes,23 organizing themes and 83basic themes; at its core is the motivation for public service. Findings of the research confirm that from the perspective of the Supreme Leader, the motivation for public service is based on religious-spiritual values(God-centeredness, guardianship, resurrectionism and religiosity),Social values(justice, religious democracy, collective welfare, national unity, revolutionaryism, independence, authoritarianism and anti-arrogance),Ethical values(biological simplicity, patience, humility,self-sacrifice, compassion and kindness)and professional values (professional ethics, work piety, democracy, jihadi work, work spirituality and quality) are formed.

the most important element of power in securing national interests is defensive power because of its role in deterrence and against threats . ayatollah khamenei , as the supreme leader and commander - in - chief , is the main role in formulating and explaining the country 's principles and strategies . therefore , knowledge of the thought and defense strategies of imam khamenei should lead us to understand the defensive principles of islamic republic of iran . therefore , the present article seeks to answer this question that what is the intellectual basis of ayatollah khamenei 's defense thought ? in explanation of imam khamenei 's defense strategy , this research , which is based on descriptive - analytical method and referring to their statements , shows that their strategies in three areas of strategy , combat readiness and threats against the threat is extracted from the verses of the holy quran , the infallible imams and imam khomeini 's thought .

considering the Iran-PJAK conflict, by focusing on the analysis of Iran's ethnic policies regarding the Kurdish people, it seeks to identify problems in this field and with the aim of proposing to improve these policies in the conflict. In the present study, a qualitative method to gain a better understanding of the ethnic policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the Kurdish people and its impact on the formation and process of PJAK group and research data through the coding process, based on the systematic design of data theory based on Strauss and Carbin (1998) was analyzed. In the present study, semi-structured interviews were usedto explain a model for the ethnic policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its impact on the formation and process of actions of the PJAK group. The results showed that ethnic policy-making in the Islamic Republic of Iran theoretically has three levels: Cognitive level: The cognitive component of attitude is the information that a person has about the subject of attitude. This refers to the information and knowledge that a person acquires about the elements of ethnic identity. Emotional level: This component includes emotions that evoke the subject of attitude in the person. are among the feelings that people can have about their ethnic elements due to their ethnic status and level of readiness for action: often, attitude Have defined a kind of readiness for action; That is, it prepares a person's attitude to take action in dealing with the issue of attitude.

The Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran consists of four forces (ground, defense, air and naval) with a separate specialized nature and different operational space. Requiring the presence of various weapons, equipment and forces with different specializations and organizational culture to respond to the various actions of the enemy, requires an integrated and network-based command and control system that by developing secure, independent and stable communication infrastructure and creating unity, leads to synergy. Continuous planning, implementation, control, monitoring and evaluation of joint operations of AJA forces. The main purpose of this research is to enumerate the role-playing environmental factors and to formulate synergistic strategies of AJA command and control system in joint operations. Sample population of 74 people, field data collection method and library, findings were analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the research results, 19 factors (7 strengths, 3 weaknesses, 7 opportunities and 2 threats) have been enumerated. From the combination of the above factors, 12 desirability and 17 challenges have been obtained. According to the calculations of the characteristics of the strategic area in the offensive position is focused on strength, accordingly, 7 strategies have been developed to synergize the command and control component of AJA in joint operations. In order to implement the strategies, the four requirements of knowledge - resources - structure and rules and regulations are presented.